There's nothing very special about the HDD unit inside an external hard drive. Then whole idea of enclosures is that you buy your enclosure and you buy separately the hard drive you want. Then you mount one inside the other and you have an external hard drive.
The advantage of ready-to-go external hard drives is you have no assembly work to do and they often come with a CD of software to set them up, and maybe backup software. If you assemble yourself, you need to follow instructions from the HDD manufacturer about getting started - particularly, how to Partition and Format the drive once it's running and connected.
One small issue with some systems comes from the connection system. In some slightly older systems, when you chose to use an eSATA or SATA port for connecting, you may have to install the appropriate driver for Windows to be able to work with the drive. That would be on a CD of drivers that came with your motherboard, or maybe with the enclosure.
Pay attention to two details about interfaces if you buy and assemble. The first interface is between computer and enclosure. Almost all have USB2 connections available, and most have at least one other alternative - usually eSASTA or IEEE1394a (aka Firewire 400). Choose the case with the connection systems you want. If your mobo has an eSATA port, buy a case with eSATA -as simple as that. Most come with USB2 connection ports as well and you can use them with other computer with the USB2 port.
The other interface is inside the case - the connection between case and hard drive. Typically you can get either IDE or SATA (or more likely SATAII these days), but not both in one enclosure. You need to be sure you order a hard disk that will match the connection scheme inside your enclosure. I.e. If you have a Seagate HDD with SATA II then make sure the enclosure has SATA II
One last thing - some of the external drives come with fans / better ventilation than some cheap/inexpensive enclosures. Please make sure that you take that into account as well.
So, chose an enclosure that connects to your computer as you want AND has internal connections for the hard disk you want. Order enclosure and HDD, assemble (easy), set up the drive and smile.