Computer-based Playback 101
I had initially planned to present the topic in a very sequential manner (keeping in mind someone who has never used digital, or who has just started into digital) so that the thread could be useful for a wider audience. But since there is a lot of anticipation build-up let me jump right into the middle and start with the customization/optimization/tweaking process. Other topics (more useful for people not already into digital) will be added later.
Basics of Computer based music playback
In order to understand the optimization process (rather than just follow steps/recipe from a cookbook to optimize) it is important to understand various aspects of PC playback. So, we will be covering some ground theoretically before jumping into the optimization steps.
Note: Here PC doesnt mean only a computer running a Microsoft operating system. Here in this context, a PC means well, a personal computer, regardless of make/processor/OS/form factor. The tweaks I will discuss here will be applicable to all PCs running any OS, any processor, any form factor, any sophistication/complication level. However, the implementation I will show here will be using Microsoft Windows (version 7 to be more specific). Screenshots also will be from MS Windows 7. However, you are free to try the same set of equivalent tweaks on your OS (if supported/possible). Your contribution towards how the equivalent set of tweaks can be applied in other Operating Systems is most welcome.
Okay, lets begin with the fundamentals!
Most of the people think of digital playback as a mere PC+DAC topic. I want to humbly point out they are only scratching the surface. There are so many things that matter when it comes to digital playback. Since the entire topic is quite complex, allow me to break it down into logical parts and present them one by one. Here comes the part about basics of computer based playback.
Anatomy of digital playback
Broadly speaking, a digital playback system has three components.
1. The source
2. The transport
3. The Digital-to-analogue conversion
The reason for touching upon this aspect is that most people often ignore the first part or subconsciously combine the first two parts into one. At least for the purpose of this thread we will make a distinction between the two components and discuss why they are different and how it makes sense to think of and pay attention to each as two discrete components. Another reason for discussing this is to understand how much impact each component has on the overall sound quality.
The digital source
The digital source here refers to the hardware that stores the media. Please don't confuse this with the resolution of digital files or storage formats or file formats. This is strictly about the hardware part and paying attention to what we discuss here will benefit you regardless of what your storage format/file format/resolution.
This section is also irrelevant for people who use physical media (a red book CD/an SACD/DVD-A) with a hardware transport. This is for people who are into 'file-based playback'. I.e. this thread is not about digital playback in truest sense, but about computer based playback.
Digital playback vs. Computer based playback
Music can be stored digitally in one of the many industry standard formats. Most common format for storing digital music is known as Audio Compact Disc, which is often abbreviated CD. It can also be abbreviated more accurately as ACD or CD-DA depending on the context. Whereas they all refer to a Red Book CD, the specific meaning is slightly different and used in a specific context. CD-DA stands for Compact Disc Digital Audio, which is the original term used by Sony and Philips, the inventors of Red Book CD format. CD is a much more generic term which stands for Compact Disk. The distinction among these terms can be easily made by understanding that every CD-DA is an ACD and every ACD is a CD, but the reverse need not always be true. A CD can also be an SA-CD, an MP3 CD and so on.
In short, CD is a colloquial term to refer to a CD-DA (an audio CD based on Red Book format). However, a CD can also refer to any physical optical disc, including discs that contain no music at all. A CD can be a Data Disc, a CD-DA, an SA-CD, an MP3 CD, a DVD-A etc. Digital playback is an umbrella term used for playback of digitally stored music regardless of format and resolution of the music on the physical media.
A digital playback system often consists of two hardware components; a digital transport and a digital-to-analogue converter. The Transport component is responsible for reading the digital data from the physical media and digital-to-analogue converter component is responsible for converting it into analogue signal. In entry to mid-level systems these two hardware components are often built together and clubbed in one physical casing. In such a case this is referred to as a CD Player. Depending on what formats of a CD it can play it can be termed as a CD Player, SACD player, a DVD-Player, a Universal disk player and so on. Any CD player however is typically restricted to playing only the formats it is designed to play. In other words, a CD player generally has a fixed functionality and is not upgradable in terms of capability, making it a non-upgradable, non-future proof playback mechanism.
Computer based playback is digital playback as well. However, it offers a much better user experience. A computer based playback system is usually a universal player, i.e. it can play almost every format and resolution subject to certain conditions. Additionally, a computer based playback system can play even video formats and serve as a general purpose computer for household or office work. It is much easily upgradable in terms of hardware and software capabilities. A computer based playback system frees a user from upgrade woes and is 99% future proof. A computer based playback system doesnt make use of physical media such as a CD. That makes cataloging, maintaining and playing music order of magnitude easy with computer based playback compared to traditional digital playback with a CD player and physical media.
Here is an at-a-glance summary of Digital vs computer based playback.
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Computer based playback is not much different from traditional digital playback except that traditional digital playback (using a CD player and physical discs) still retains the analogue time feel; in the sense that audiophiles can still connect to their music system in a physical way. They can still touch and feel their music albums, cherish gazing at the cover-art that might remind them to the recording venue and induce an emotional wave making them nostalgic. Computer based playback is slightly different. Though it is very much possible to still have the emotional connect with Computer based playback (many people do, I know I do), Computer based playback is primarily about economy, ergonomics, sophistication.
The biggest advantage of computer based playback, however, is yet to be discussed. A computer takes digital playback to a very high level with very little investment. Not till long ago, a reference level playback was not possible without spending a 5-digit sum in USD, regardless of digital or analogue. But the advances in digital hardware and software technology has brought reference level sound reproduction within the reach of every audiophile. Today it is possible to get a very high quality digital playback source for as little as USD 1000 and reference level playback from USD 2500-3000 onwards. It cant get much better than this.
A subtle but important difference between traditional digital playback and Computer based playback is that the every track being played in a computer is a computer file. This has two important bearing on Computer based playback. One, every computer file needs to be stored somehow in a way it is equivalent to storing on a physical media (such as an Audio CD). Two, it must be retrieved from the media and loaded into memory for playback as it would happen in case of a commercial disc spinner.
Some of you might be wondering what does all this theory have got to do with a simple matter of DAC+PC thing. But stay right with me while I explain the importance of understanding this. As you would soon realize, this storage and retrieval is as much at the key of good music re-production as the processing (Digital to analogue conversion part).
Please go a bit back and look at the section where I described the anatomy of digital playback. The storage and retrieval from a computer file system and loading into computer memory equates to "the source" and "the transport" part. And in order to get most out of computer based playback, it is critical to get the storage, retrieval and loading into computer memory right. That is, unless you get the storage and retrieval right (the source and the transport) you can't expect the DAC (the converter) to make a magic. Most people who start into digital make this mistake. They go on upgrading their DACs spending ridiculous amounts. Whereas the problem really lies before the data reaches the DAC.
What we are discussing in this thread is - how to sort out "the source" and "the transport" and supply the optimized data to your "converter" for the perfect digital playback. You are absolutely right about it if you figured we are going to achieve that by optimizing the storage and retrieval of digital content.
Coming up next: Optimizing the storage and retrieval of digital content
Thanks for staying with me through these long posts.