"Our's is a century of death and Mahler is it's spiritual prophet"
-Leonard Bernstein
Gustav Mahler is the bridge which connects the 'Viennese School' tradition of the great classical composers Haydn,Mozart,Beethoven,Schubert with the Modern 20th century music of Stravinsky,Bartok,Messiaen and Schoneberg.The 'classical' period from 1750-1825 was followed by the romantic period 1825-1900 which had composers like Schubert,Schumann,Chopin,Mendelssohn,Brahms,Tcaikovsky and Dvorak.
Gustav Mahler's symphonies written in the period 1880-1911 combine the 'sublime' with the 'common'.The classical with the folksy and even nursery rhymes.His symphonies are monumental in scope,requiring a far bigger orchestra than was prevalent in the earlier periods.
The classical orchestra had four sections
(Wikipedia)
Woodwinds
2 Flutes
2 Oboes
2 Clarinets (in C, B-flat, or A)
2 Bassoons
Brass
2 or 4 Horns (in any key)
2 Trumpets (in any key)
Percussion
2 Timpani
Strings
6 Violins I
6 Violins II
4 Violas
3 Violoncellos
2 Contrabasses
The Modern Orchestra required to play the works of Mahler would be far bigger
(Wikipedia)
Woodwinds
Piccolo
3 Flutes
3 Oboes
English Horn
Clarinet in E-flat
3 Clarinets in B-flat, A
Bass Clarinet
3 Bassoons
Contrabassoon
Brass
4-8 Horns in F
3-4 Trumpets in F, C, B-flat
3-4 Trombones (2-3 Tenor, 1 Bass)
(Wagner Tubas (2 Tenor, 2 Bass))
1-2 Tubas
Percussion
4 or more Timpani
Snare drum
Bass drum
Cymbals
Tam-tam
Triangle
Tambourine
Glockenspiel
Xylophone
Chimes
Keyboards
Celesta
Organ
Strings
2 Harps
16 Violins I
16 Violins II
12 Violas
10 Violoncellos
8 Double basses
Mahler was a conductor before he became a composer.And his knowledge gained as a conductor takes his symphonic works to a level which can only be matched by Beethoven.Mahlers symphonies herald and predict all the terror,beauty,strife and confusion of the 20th century.The bloodshed,wars,freedom struggles,the birth of the 'common' and the 'popular',the death of the 'aristocratic' and the 'monarchic'....
The music of Gustav Mahler,the paintings of Pablo Picasso,the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and the fiction of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Franz Kafka are the mirrors which predict and reveal the 'future' from the 20th century to the present day and beyond....far better than the 'pundits' in the media or academia.
Must have symphonies of Mahler...ALL 10...or at least 1,2,4,5,9
Currently I am in love
....with Mahler's Symphony No 1
YouTube - Mahler: Symphony No. 1 (4/6)