I believe as others pointed out, this is happening due to a mild vibration in the transformer core. When placed inside your cabinet, the cabinet itself is resonating and amplifying the sound to the point that you can hear it clearly, because it is made of wood and only supported at the edges. If you place the AVR at the floor, the vibration & sound is probably still there, but the solid concrete flooring and the lack of your cabinet's amplifying factor, it cannot be heard.
I have a static stabilizer which also developed a mild hum over time which was originally dead silent. So these things probably can happen over time.
One thing that you can try is placing something soft under the feet of your AVR when putting it inside the cabinet to dampen the vibration's effect and see if that helps reduce the hum. Another option might be using something very heavy (with a lot of mass) like a granite slab underneath the AVR, but please make sure that your cabinet can bear the combined weight.